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All these factors combine to varying degrees, and impact species at different spatial and temporal scales, altering important ecosystem functions ( Lacher Jr et al., 2019). Declines in biodiversity vary across taxa and are driven by multiple threats, including habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, and overconsumption ( Lacher & Roach, 2018). Human impacts on planetary biodiversity have increased greatly over the past century, prompting some conservationists to propose that we have entered a defining new period, the Anthropocene ( Lewis & Maslin, 2015). We recommend restoring agave populations in depleted areas to help prevent soil erosion and provide multiple socio-economic benefits for the region in the short term, and, in the long-term maintaining foraging resources for nectar-feeding bats. Only 9% of the available agave habitat in 2011 is inside the limits of protected areas. The total number of patches increased after 1985. We found a significant portion of habitat lost mainly due to expansion in agriculture. We then calculated fragmentation metrics for each period. The area of the three vegetation types selected was reduced by using only the overlap with potential agave habitat created with ecological niche modeling algorithms to obtain the available agave habitat. We analyzed changes that occurred in three vegetation types where agaves are found in five time periods 1985, 1993, 2002, 20. The objective of our study is to understand the land cover change trends in the northern range of the bat and identify potential fragmentation patterns in the region. Increases in human populations density and agricultural expansion may be reducing agave habitat over time.
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from central Mexico to the southern United States moving pollen over its 1,200 km long migratory corridor and pollinating distant populations of Agave spp. Pregnant females of this bat species migrate every year following the blooms of Agave spp. This species is considered endangered under national and international criteria due to population declines over 50% in the past 10 years. We documented for the first time the impacts of over three decades of land cover change in Mexico on the plant resources of an endangered migratory pollinator, the Mexican long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris nivalis.
#Durango wild lands fiber drivers#
One of the key drivers of pollinator declines is land cover change. Impacts of land cover change on the plant resources of an endangered pollinator. Cite this article Gómez-Ruiz EP, Lacher Jr TE, Moreno-Talamantes A, Flores Maldonado JJ. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
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Licence This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. 2 Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America DOI 10.7717/peerj.11990 Published Accepted Received Academic Editor Alison Nazareno Subject Areas Conservation Biology, Ecology, Environmental Impacts, Spatial and Geographic Information Science Keywords Leptonycteris nivalis, Agave, Bats, Fragmentation, Land cover change, Mexico Copyright © 2021 Gómez-Ruiz et al.